Derwent Class Codes

Chemical Section A: Polymers and Plastic
A1 ADDITION AND NATURAL POLYMERS
A11 Polysaccharides; natural rubber; other natural polymers (only a restricted range of (modified) natural polymers are included. Thus starch would be excluded, but chemically modified starch included).
A12 Of di-and higher olefins; acetylenics; nitroso compounds.
A13 Of aromatic mono-olefins; including polystyrene.
A14 Of other substituted mono-olefins; including PVC, PTFE.
A17 Of unsubstituted aliphatic mono-olefins; including polyethylene.
A18 Addition polymers in general.
A2 CONDENSATION POLYMERS
A21 Epoxides; aminoplasts; phenoplasts.
A23 Polyamides; polyesters. (including polycarbonates, polyesteramides); alkyds; other unsaturated polymers.
A25 Polyurethanes; polyethers.
A26 Other condensation polymers including silicone polymers and polymides (mineral silicates and similar materials would not usually appear in Section A).
A28 Condensation polymers in general.
A3 PROCESSING: GENERAL ADDITIVES AND APPLICATIONS
A31 Preliminary processes.
A32 Polymer fabrication - such as moulding, extrusion, forming, laminating, spinning.
A35 Other processing and general - including vulcanisation, welding of plastics and adhesive processes. Testing.
A41 MONOMERS AND CONDENSANTS These are also included in Section E.
A60 ADDITIVES AND COMPOUNDING AGENTS If the usage is very restricted it may be classified under the individual polymer or process involved.
A8/9 APPLICATIONS
A81 Adhesives and binders - including chipboard.
A82 Coatings, impregnations, polishes - excluding textile finishing.
A83 Clothing, footwear.
A84 Household and office fittings - including carpets and carbon paper.
A85 Electrical applications.
A86 Fancy goods, games, sports, toys.
A87 Textile auxiliaries.
A88 Mechanical engineering and tools eg valves, gears and conveyor belts.
A89 Photographic, laboratory equipment, optical - including electrophotographic, thermographic uses.
A91 Ion-exchange resins, polyelectrolytes.
A92 Packaging and containers - including ropes and nets.
A93 Roads, building, construction flooring.
A94 Semi-finished materials - fibres, films, foams.
A95 Transport - including vehicle parts, tyres and armaments.
A96 Medical, dental, veterinary, cosmetic.
A97 Miscellaneous goods not specified elsewhere - including papermaking, gramophone records, detergents, food and oil well applications.

Chemical Section B: Pharmaceuticals
B01 Steroids - including systems containing carbocyclic and/or heterocyclic rings fused onto the basic steroidal ring structure
B02 Fused ring heterocyclics
B03 Other heterocyclics
B04 Natural products and polymers. Including testing of body fluids (other than blood typing or cell counting), pharmaceuticals or veterinary compounds of unknown structure, testing of microorganisms for pathogenicity, testing of chemicals for mutagenicity or human toxicity and fermentative production of DNA or RNA. General compositions.
B05 Other organics - aromatics, aliphatic, organo-metallics, compounds whose substituents vary such that they would be classified in several of B01 - B05.
B06 Inorganics - including fluorides for toothpastes etc.
B07 General - tablets, dispensers, catheters (excluding drainage and angioplasty), encapsulation etc, but not systems for administration of blood or saline or IV feeding etc.
Chemical Section C: Agricultural Chemicals
C01 Organophosphorus; organometallic (i.e.,compounds containing other than H, C, N, O, S and halogen)
C02 Heterocyclic
C03 Other organic compounds, inorganic compounds and multi-component mixtures. Polymers and proteins
C04 Fertilisers - including urea and phosphoric acid production. Also soil modifiers and plant growth media. Chemical aspects of compost production.
C05 Biological control - excluding veterinary medicine, but including use of microorganisms, predators and natural products.
C06 Biotechnology - including plant genetics and veterinary vaccines.
C07 Apparatus, formulation, general - including veterinary syringes, general formulations where the active compound is not central to the invention (for example, wettable powders) and analysis.
Chemical Section D: Food, Detergents, Water, Treatment, and Biotechnology
D1 Food and Fermentation
D11 Baking - including bakery products, flour, doughs, bakery ovens, dough transporting and/or handling equipment, pies and pasta, but not flour milling (A21).
D12 Butchering, meat treatment, processing poultry or fish (A22).
D13 Other foodstuffs and treatment - including preservation of food, milk, milk products, butter substitutes, edible oils and fats, non-alcoholic beverages, artificial sweeteners, food additives and animal feed (A23B-L).
D14 General foodstuffs machinery - excluding machines which can be classified in D11-13 (A23N, P).
D15 Treating water, industrial waste and sewage - including purification, sterilising or testing water, scale prevention, treatment of sewage sludge, regeneration of active carbon which has been used for water treatment and impregnating water with gas eg CO2, but excluding marine anti-pollution devices and purification of water which will be recycled within an industrial process (C02).
D16 Fermentation industry - including fermentation equipment, brewing, yeast production, production of pharmaceuticals and other chemicals by fermentation, microbiology, production of vaccines and antibodies, cell and tissue culture and genetic engineering.
D17 Sugar and starch industry (C07H, C13).
D18 Skins, hides, pelts, leather and chemical treatment of tobacco, but excluding drying, wetting, cutting or shaping tobacco (A24, C14).
D2 COSMETICS, DISINFECTANTS AND DETERGENTS
D21 Preparations for dental or toilet purposes - including filling alloys, compositions for dentures or dental impressions, anti-caries chewing gum, plaque disclosing compositions, toothpastes, cosmetics, shampoos, topical anti-sunburn compositions and toilet soaps (A61K).
D22 Sterilizing, bandages, dressing and skin-protection agents - including sterilizing agents (other than for food), sutures, plaster casts, bioactive prostheses, contact lenses, diapers, animal litter, timber preservatives, disinfectants, bactericidal detergents, deodorants, insect repellent compounds, moth proofers, sheep dip, insect attractants (where for cleaning air), flysprays and compositions for relieving insect bites and stings (A61L).
D23 Oils, fats and waxes - including fatty acids, candles, essential oils, but excluding butter (substitutes) and montan wax (C11B, C).
D24 Soap (limited to metal salts of fatty acids which are used for cleaning), solvent cleaners (C11D).
D25 Detergents - other than soap and used for cleaning (C11D)
Chemical Section E: General Chemicals
E1 GENERAL ORGANIC
E11 Containing P and/or Si.
E12 Organometallics (i.e., containing other than H, C, N, O, S, halogens, Si and P)
E13 Heterocyclics
E14 Aromatics (i.e., containing at least one benzene ring)
E15 Alicyclics
E16 Aliphatics - containing N and/or halogen
E17 Other aliphatics
E18 General hydrocarbon mixtures
E19 Other organic compounds general - organic compounds of unknown or indefinite structure; general mixtures of many types; organic reactions (e.g., nitration, resolution) when applied generally
E2 DYESTUFFS
E21 Azo - including diazonium compounds
E22 Anthracene - including those containing more than 3 rings
E23 Heterocyclic
E24 Other dyes, all precursors.
E3 GENERAL INORGANIC
E31 Compounds of V, Nb, Ta, Cr, Mo, W, Mn, Tc, Re, Fe, Ru, Os, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Pa, V and subsequent actinides.
E32 Compounds of Ti, Zr, Hf, Cu, Ag, Au, Zn, Cd, Hg, Ga, In, Te, Ge, Sn, Pb, As, Sb, Bi.
E33 Compounds of Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra, Sc, Y, La, Ac, Al, lanthanides (Rare-earths), Th.
E34 Compounds of Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr.
E35 Ammonia, cyanogen and their compounds - including HCN and cyanamide, but not hydrazine.
E36 Non-metallic elements, semi-metals (Se, Te, B, Si) and their compounds (except for E35).
E37 Mixtures of many components; inorganic reactions and processes of general applicability.
Chemical Section F: Textile and Paper Making
F04 Braiding, knitting - including trimmings and non-woven fabrics (D04).
F06 Chemical-type treatment of textiles (D06B, L, M, P, Q).
F08 Flexible sheet materials - consisting of polymer-coated fibrous web, including end products not classified in other sections (D06N).
F07 Other textile applications - including clothing design, accessories and fasteners (D06C, F, G, H, J, L, M).
F09 Paper-making production of cellulose, chemical treatment of wood - including chipboard and fibre-board (D21).
F05 Sewing, embroidering, tufting - including finished products (D05).
F01 Threads and fibers - natural or artificial; spinning - including the production of mineral and carbon fibres (D01).
F03 Weaving - including finished products (D03).
F02 Yarns - mechanical finishing of yarns or ropes; warping or beaming (D02, D07).
Chemical Section G: Printing, Coating, Photographic
G01 Inorganic pigments and non-fibrous fillers (C09C).
G02 Inks, paints, polishes, polymer-based paints and inks are also classified in Section A (C09D, F, G).
G03 Adhesives - excluding dispensers. Polymeric adhesives are also classified in Section A (C09H, J).
G04 Miscellaneous compositions - including luminescent and tenebrescent materials, de-icing/ de-misting compositions, mastics, heat transfer compositions and arosol-can filling mixtures (C09H).
G05 Printing materials and processes (B41, M, N).
G06 Photosensitive compositions and bases; photographic processes - includes photo-resist coatings (G03C).
G07 Photo-mechanical production of printing surfaces (G03F).
G08 Electrography, electrophotography and magnetography (G03G).
Chemical Section H: Petroleum
H01 Obtaining crude oil and natural gas - including exploration, drilling, well completion, production and treatment. General off-shore platform and drilling technology is included together with the treatment of tar sands and oil shales (C10G, E21B).
H02 Unit operations - including distillation, sorption and solvent extraction (C10G).
H03 Transportation and storage - only large scale systems are included. Road tankers and retail petrol station-type applications are excluded. Treatment of pollution from marine oil tankers is included.
H04 Petroleum processing - including treating, cracking, reforming, gasoline preparation - biosynthesis based on hydrocarbon feedstocks is included (C10G).
H05 Refinery engineering.
H06 Gaseous and liquid fuels - including pollution control. Chemical aspects of catalytic exhaust systems for cars are included as well as liquid or gaseous fuels of non-petroleum origin eg methanol or ethanol-based fuels. Combustion improvement additives for liquid fuels are included (C10L).
H07 Lubricants and lubrication - this excludes self-lubricating surfaces eg PTFE coated surfaces and lubrication systems in general. The section includes lubricants of non-petroleum origin eg silicone oils (C10M).
H08 Petroleum products, other than fuels and lubricants - this includes hydraulic fluids and electrical oils even when of non-petroleum origin (C10M).
H09 Fuel products not of petroleum origin - excluding coal handling, preparation or mining, but including coking, briquetting, peat processing synthesis, gas production, coal gasification. Combustion improvement additives for coal, peat and other non-hydrocarbon based fuels are included in this Section together with coal liquefaction and desulphurisation.
Chemical Section J: Chemical Engineering
J01 Separation - including evaporation, crystalization, solvent extraction, chromatography, dialysis, osmosis including drying gases and/or vapours, and separation of solids from gases, liquids and other solids. Isotope separation, filter materials (including molecular sieves for separation), and centrifuges (except where used for analysis) (B01D, B03, B04, B07B).
J02 Mixing, crushing, spraying - including dispersing, pulverising, disintegrating, atomising and applying liquids other than paints to surfaces (B01F, B05B, C).
J03 Electrochemical processes and electrophoresis - including ozone production, brine electrolysis, water electrolysis, apparatus for the production of pure chemical compounds and non-metallic elements, but excluding batteries or other means of producing power and the treatment of metals (C25B).
J04 Chemical/physical processes/ apparatus - including catalysis, catalysts (including molecular sieves where approximate, but excluding specific eg enzymatic or polymerisation catalysts), colloid chemistry, laboratory apparatus and methods, testing, controlling, general encapsulation, detection and sampling (B01J, L).
J05 Boiling and boiling apparatus - including generation of steam unless for power plant (B01B).
J06 Storing or distributing gases or liquids - including gas holders, vessels for gases, decantation and vaporisation of gases, pipelines and pipe systems, but excluding those for hydrocarbon gases or liquids and laying of pipelines (F17).
J07 Refrigeration; ice; gas liquefaction/solidification - including machines, freezing of (semi)liquids, gas separation/ liquefaction by cooling or pressure, fractionation of air (F25).
J08 Heat transfer and drying - including steam and vapour condensers, direct/indirect heat exchangers, heat transfer apparatus, drying processes, but only where of general application (F26, F28).
J09 Furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts including furnace constructional details and accessories, but only where of general application (F27).
Chemical Section K: Nucleonics, Explosives, and Protection
K01 Fire fighting, fire-extinguishing compositions - excluding fire engines, sprinkler systems, hose reels and protective clothing (A62D with K2).
K02 Protection against chemical warfare breathing apparatus - chemical aspects only (A62D with K1).
K03 Explosive charges; ammunition, fuses, blasting including only complete devices, except missile systems (F42).
K04 Explosives, matches - including detonators, chemical lighters, pyrophoric compositions, fire works, distress signals, chemical lasers, smoke generation, gas attack compositions, generation of gas for blasting or propulsion, but only their chemical aspects (C06).
K05 Nuclear reactors and simulators - including reactor processes, components and accessories, but excluding power plant (G21B, C).
K06 Nuclear power plant - including reprocessing used nuclear fuel (G21D).
K07 Health physics - including radiation protection (other than against sunlight), monitoring devices, decontamination, radioactive waste disposal and protective clothing (G21F).
K08 Nucleonics; X-ray techniques - including conversion of chemical elements, nuclear explosives and plasma techniques other than electron beam or plasma welding methods and apparatus and X- ray films (G01T, G21G, H, J, K, H05G, H).
Chemical Section L: Refractories, Ceramics, Cement, and Electro(in)organics
L01 Glass - includes chemical compositions, batch treatment, furnaces, flat glass forming, hollow-ware forming, post-forming and glass/ceramics, but not lens designs, bottling, bottle-washing, closures for containers, glazing designs, glass cutting, chamfering edges, printing on glass, disposing of used glass or the production of pure sodium silicate. Chemical aspects of optical fibres (C03).
L02 Refractories, ceramics, cement - includes manufacturing methods, limes, soil preparation for (road) building, magnesias and slags, cements, mortars, concretes, abrasives, thermal or acoustic insulation (non)oxide ceramics and ceramic composites, but not brick making, concrete mixers or casting or potters' wheels (C04).
L03 Electro-(in)organic, chemical features of conductors, resistors, magnets, capacitors and switches, electric discharge lamps, semiconductor and other materials, batteries, accumulators and thermo-electric devices, including fuel cells, magnetic recording media, radiation emission devices, liquid crystals and basic electric elements. Growing of single crystals of semiconductors and their doping are included, but semiconductor devices, where the manufacture is not claimed are excluded. Electrography, electrophotography, magnetography, electrolysis, electrophoresis, power plant, X-ray and plasma-techniques, ion-exchange resins, polyelectrolytes, electroplating, metal electrodeposition, electroforming, anodising, electrolytic cleaning, cathodic protection and electrolytic or electrothermic production or refining of metals are all covered elsewhere (Sections G, J, K and M).
Chemical Section M: Metallurgy
M1 METAL FINISHING
M11 Electroplating; electrolytic treatment of or with metals - including electro-deposition of metals, electro-plating apparatus, electro-forming, electro-erosion, spark erosion, anodising (electrophoretically) coating metals and electrolytic cleaning and polishing (C25).
M12 Chemical cleaning and degreasing - including cleaning and pickling.
M13 Coating material with metals, diffusion processes, enamelling and vitreous coatings - including coating from liquid metal or solution, spraying, cementation, cathodic sputtering, enamelling and oil-free lubricant coatings, but not coatings for the production of semiconductors (C23C, D).
M14 Other chemical surface treatments - including etching, brightening, forming non-metallic layers, passivation, cathodic protection and corrosion inhibitors, but not processes specifically for semiconductor production (C23F, C25). This Section also covers multistage processes.
M2 METALS
M21 Mechanical working of metal without metal removal - including rolling sheet, wire, tube and profile production, extended surface tube, high energy rate forming, deep drawing, working sheet metal, rolled products, forging, hammering, pressing, where of sufficiently large scale to be of importance to the metallurgical industry (B21).
M22 Casting; powder metallurgy - including foundry moulding, moulding machines, patterns, moulds, cores and metal casting (B22).
M23 Soldering; welding - including brazing, flame cutting and scarfing, cutting and welding rods, soldering and unsoldering apparatus and solder compositions (B23K).
M24 Metallurgy of iron and steel - including manufacture and processing, treatment of steel melts and changing the physical properties of iron and steel, control/testing methods, blast furnaces and converters. Metallurgical coking processes (C21, C10B).
M25 Production and refining of metals other than iron - including ore treatment, extraction, working up scrap, obtaining specific metals, control testing methods (C22B).
M26 Non-ferrous alloys - including alloy production and composition (C22C).
M27 Ferrous alloys - including alloy production and composition (C22C).
M28 Electrolytic and electrothermic production and refining of non-ferrous metals - excluding heat treatment (C25).
M29 Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals and alloys - including tempering, annealing, work-hardening and recrystallising (C22F).
Engineering Section P: General
P1 AGRICULTURE, FOOD, TOBACCO
P11 Soil working, planting (A01B, C).
P12 Harvesting (A01D, F).
P13 Plant culture, dairy products (A01G, H, J).
P14 Animal care (A01K, L, M).
P15 Tobacco (A24).
P2 PERSONAL, DOMESTIC
P21 Wearing apparel (A41, 2).
P22 Footwear (A43).
P23 Haberdashery, jewellery (A44).
P24 Hand, travelling articles, brushes (A45, 6).
P25 Office furniture (A47B).
P26 Chairs, sofas, beds (A47C, D).
P27 Shop, household, furnishings (A47F, G, H).
P28 Kitchen, sanitary equipment (A47J, K, L).
P3 HEALTH, AMUSEMENT
P31 Diagnosis, surgery (A61B).
P32 Dentistry, bandages, veterinary, prosthesis (A61C, D, F).
P33 Medical aids, oral administration (A61G, H, J).
P34 Sterilising, syringes, electrotherapy (A61L, M, N).
P35 Life-saving, fire-fighting (A62).
P36 Sports, games, toys (A63).
P4 SEPARATING, MIXING
P41 Crushing: centrifuging, separating solids (B02, 3, 4).
P42 Spraying, atomising (B05).
P43 Sorting, cleaning, waste disposal (B06, 7, 8, 9).
P5 SHAPING METAL
P51 Rolling, drawing, extruding (B21B, C).
P52 Metal punching, working, forging (B21D-L).
P53 Metal casting, powder metallurgy (B22).
P54 Metal milling, machining, electroworking (23B-H).
P55 Soldering, welding metal (B23K).
P56 Machine tools (B23P,Q).
P6 SHAPING NON-METAL
P61 Grinding, polishing (B24).
P62 Hand tools, cutting (B25, 6).
P63 Working, preserving wood (B27).
P64 Working cement, clay, stone (B28).
P7 PRESSING, PRINTING
P71 Presses (B30).
P72 Working paper (B31).
P73 Layered products (B32).
P74 Printing: lining machines (B41B - G).
P75 Typewriters, stamps, duplicators (B41J-N).
P76 Books, special printed matter (B42).
P77 Writing, drawing appliances (B43).
P78 Decorative art (B44).
P8 OPTICS, PHOTOGRAPHY, GENERAL
P81 Optics (G02).
P82 Photographic apparatus (G03B).
P83 Photographic processes, compositions (G03C).
P84 Other photographic (G03D-H).
P85 Education, cryptography, adverts. (G09).
P86 Musical instruments, acoustics (G10).
Engineering Section Q: Mechanical
Q1 VEHICLES IN GENERAL
Q11 Wheels, tires, connections (B60B-F).
Q12 Suspension, heating, doors, screens (B60G-J).
Q13 Transmissions, controls (B60K).
Q14 Electric propulsion, seating (B60L-N).
Q15 Transporting special loads (B60P).
Q16 Vehicle lighting, signaling (B60Q).
Q17 Vehicle parts, fittings, servicing (B60R,S).
Q18 Brake-control systems (B60T).
Q19 Air-cushion vehicles (B60V).
Q2 SPECIAL VEHICLES
Q21 Railways (B61).
Q22 Hand, motor vehicles (B62B-D).
Q23 Cycles B62H-M).
Q24 Ships (B63).
Q25 Aircraft, aviation, cosmonautics (B64).
Q3 CONVEYING, PACKAGING, STORING
Q31 Packaging, labeling (B65B, C).
Q32 Containers (B65D01-37).
Q33 Closures (B65D39-55).
Q34 Packaging elements, types (B65D57-91).
Q35 Refuse collection, conveyors (B65F, G).
Q36 Handling thin materials (B65H).
Q37 Container traffic (pre-1984 only) (B65H).
Q38 Hoisting, lifting, hauling (B66).
Q39 Liquid, handling, saddlery, upholstery (B67, 8).
Q4 BUILDINGS, CONSTRUCTION
Q41 Road, rail, bridge construction (E01).
Q42 Hydraulic engineering, sewerage (E02, 3).
Q43 General building constructions (E04B).
Q44 Structural elements (E04C).
Q45 Roofing, stairs, floors (E04D, F).
Q46 Building aids, special structures (E04G, H).
Q47 Locks, window and door fittings (E05).
Q48 Blinds, shutters, ladders, doors (E06).
Q49 Mining (E21).
Q5 ENGINES, PUMPS
Q51 Machines, engines in general (F01).
Q52 Combustion engines, gas turbines (F02B-G).
Q53 Jet engines, fuel supply (F02K, M).
Q54 Starting, ignition (F02N, P).
Q55 Machines, engines for liquids (F03).
Q56 Pumps (F04).
Q57 Fluid-pressure actuators (F15).
Q6 ENGINEERING ELEMENTS
Q61 Securing machine parts together (F16B).
Q62 Shafts, bearings (F16C).
Q63 Couplings, clutches, brakes, springs (F16D, F).
Q64 Belts, chains, gearing (F16G, H).
Q65 Pistons, cylinders, packing (F16J).
Q66 Valves, taps cocks (F16K).
Q67 Pipes, joints, fittings (F16L).
Q68 Other engineering elements (F16M-T).
Q69 Storing/distributing gas/liquid (F17).
Q7 LIGHTING, HEATING
Q71 Lighting (F21).
Q72 Steam generation (F22).
Q73 Combustion equipment/processes (F23).
Q74 Heating, ranges, ventilating (F24).
Q75 Refrigeration, liquefaction (F25).
Q76 Drying (F26).
Q77 Furnaces, kilns, ovens, retorts (F27).
Q78 Heat exchange in general (F28).
Q79 Weapons, ammunition, blasting (F41-2).
Electrical and Electronic Section S: Instrumentation, Measuring, and Testing
S01 Electrical Instruments (G01R, G12B) Measuring magnetic and electrical variables. Instrument panels, housings, indicating elements, screening, suspensions, damping. Cooling arrangements.
S02 Engineering Instrumentation (G01B-H, L, M, P) Measuring dimensions, weight, flow rate, mechanical vibrations, force, acceleration, etc. Recording equipment. General testing methods.
S03 Scientific Instrumentation (G01J, K, N, T-W) Photometry, calorimetry. Thermometers. Meteorology, geophysics, measurement of nuclear or X-radiation. Investigating chemical or physical properties.
S04 Clocks and Timers (G04B-G) Electronic and mechanical clocks and watches. Time switches. Time-interval measuring.
S05 Electrical Medical Equipment (A61, A61N) Electrotherapy. Electrosurgical apparatus. Blood cell counters. Electrical diagnostic apparatus. Tomography. Veterinary apparatus.
S06 Electrophotography and Photography (G03, G03G) Cameras, film projectors and processing (electrical aspects only). Electrography, xerography. Rotary press printers (electrical aspects only).
Electrical and Electronic Section T: Computing and Control
T01 Digital Computers (G06C-F) Electronic data processors, interfaces and programme control. Mechanical digital computers.
T02 Analogue and Hybrid Computers (G06G, J) Function evaluators, equation solvers, simulators.
T03 Data Recording (G11B) Analogue and digital recording on tape, disc etc, using for example, magnetic, optical, magneto-optical, capacitive methods.
T04 Computer Peripheral Equipment (G06K) Card and tape punches and readers. Magnetic, optical and smart cards. Serial and line printers. VDUs, character and graphics generators. Pattern recognition, magnetic ink recognition, bar coders. COM equipment.
T05 Counting, Checking, Vending, ATM and POS Systems (G06M, G07B-G) Counting systems. Ticket issuing, registering and franking apparatus. Attendance registering apparatus. Coin and paper currency handling. Point-of-sale equipment. Electronic funds transfer.
T06 Process and Machine Control (G05B, D) General control systems. Control of non-electrical variables eg. temporal flow. Control system applications eg. machine tools, lifts.
T07 Traffic Control Systems (G08G) Traffic light systems, flow control. Electronic indicators.
Electrical and Electronic Section U: Semiconductors and Electronic Circuitry
U11 Semiconductor Materials and Processes (C30B, H01L) Materials, substrate and layer processing, packages and mountings, assembly, testing, and handling aspects of all semiconductor devices, included in U12, U13, U14. Aspects of manufacture specific to devices such as LEDs, lasers, solar cells and especially thick film and hybrid circuits are covered in U12 and U14.
U12 Discrete Devices (H01L) Individual semiconductor devices, as either discrete components or specific parts of integrated circuit. Examples are LEDs, including LED arrays, semiconductor lasers, photovoltaic cells and arrays, discrete photo detectors, semiconductor transducers, diodes, capacitors, bipolar transistors, thyristors, unipolar transistors (e.g., FET, HEMT, and quantum interference devices). This also defines specific application of inventions in U11.
U13 Integrated Circuits (H01L) Integrated circuit structures (e.g., CMOS, BICMOS, optoelectronic IC, wafer scale integration). Analogue circuits. Digital circuits, especially with matrix arrays (e.g.) memory, programmable logic and gate arrays. Solid state image sensors (e.g., CCD). Not used for routinely integrated circuitry (e.g., logic gates, or for IC application which do not claim actual IC novelty).
U14 Memories, Film and Hybrid Circuits (G11C, H01L) Digital memories including magnetic, optical, semiconductor, ferroelectric analog memories. Testing of memories. Thermoelectric devices. Superconductive materials and devices. Thin film arrays and layers. Thick film and hybrid circuits including multilayer ceramic wiring boards. Electroluminescent light sources. Passive displays, especially liquid crystal display.
U21 Logic Circuits, Electronic Switching and Coding (H03K, M) Basic logic circuits, eg AND-gates. A/D and D/A conversion. Delta modulation, coding, code conversion, error detection and correction. Pulse counters, frequency conversion. Electronic switching circuits.
U22 Pulse Generation and Manipulation (H03K, L) Rectangular wave oscillators, pulse generators, (astable, bistable, etc). Pulse shapers. Digital waveform synthesizers. PAM, PPM, PFM, PDM (modulation and demodulation aspects). Digital filters. DSP.
U23 Oscillation and Modulation (H03B-D, H03L) Oscillators, mixers. Amplitude and angle (de)modulation. Frequency and phase comparators. PLLs.
U24 Amplifiers and Low Power Supplies (H03F, H03G, G05F, H02M) DC, LF and HF amplifiers, parametric, magnetic, dielectric amplifiers. Gain control. Volume compression or expansion. Limiters. Voltage and current stabilisation, power supplies, converters, inverters, rectifiers. Low power protection.
U25 Impedance Networks and Tuning (H03H, H03J) Tone or bandwidth control. Impedance converters. Analogue filters (active and passive). Voltage dividers, attenuators, impedance matching, baluns. Tuning circuits. AFC.
Electrical and Electronic Section V: Electronic Components
V01 Resistors and Capacitors (H01C, G) Low power fixed and variable devices. Thermistors. VDRs. Electrolytic and non-electrolytic capacitors.
V02 Inductors and Transformers (H01F) Low power inductive components. Communication type inductive components. (Electro)magnets.
V03 Switches, Relays (H01H) Low power switches and relays. Thermally or magnetically operated switches.
V04 Printed Circuits and Connectors (H01R, H05K) PCBs and their manufacture. Low power connectors. Electronic apparatus, housings and constructional details. RFI/EMI screening. General circuit manufacture.
V05 Valves, Discharge Tubes and CRTs (H01J, H05G) Vacuum tubes, klystrons, TWTs, magnetrons, CRTs, camera tubes, X-ray tubes and operating circuits. Photoelectric discharge tubes. Gas filled tubes. Gas discharge displays.
V06 Electromechanical Transducers and Small Machines (H04R, H03H, H02K) Audio-communication - and measurement type transducers. Electromechanical resonators. Small electric machines and their controllers.
V07 Fibre-optics and Light Control (G02B, F) Light guides. Connectors, couplers, mode selectors, polarisers. Switching, gating, modulating etc.
V08 Lasers and Masers (H01S) Laser and maser devices. Pumping and mode locking circuitry
Electrical and Electronic Section W: Communications
W01 Telephone and Data Transmission Systems (H04L, M, Q) Error detection and correction. Code conversion. Synchronizing. Secret data communication. Data networks (LAN, WAN, etc). ISDN. Baseband and broadband data transmission. Exchanges, call metering, test equipment, equipment racks. Subscriber equipment, cordless and cellular phones. Telephone line and cable installation.
W02 Broadcasting, Radio and Line Transmission Systems (H01P, Q, H04, H04K) Aerials, waveguides, resonators and other distributed constant components. Transmitters, transceivers, transponders. Communication receivers. Line transmission systems. Radio systems, including diversity, relay, mobile (including cellular). Optical and ultrasonic wave transmission systems. Spread Spectrum communication. Secret communication, jamming. Facsimile. TV systems, including color, stereoscopic, cable, subscription, satellite and high definition. Stereophonic broadcast systems.
W03 TV and Broadcast Radio Receivers (H04) AM/FM/SW radio receivers, car radios. TV receivers. Teletext, high definition, satellite, stereophonic. Remote control. Audio amplifiers. AV systems and interconnection.
W04 Audio/Video Recording and Systems (G10H, G11B, H04N) Loudspeaker enclosures, cross-over networks. Audio disc recording and reproducing equipment. Audio magnetic tape recording and reproduction. Sound mixers. Electrical musical instruments. Video cameras, camera recorders, electronic still-picture cameras. Studio equipment eg video mixers, special effect apparatus. Projection TV. Video tape and disc recording and reproduction. Video games, karaoke. Electronic educational apparatus. Sports equipment. Speech coding, analysis and synthesis. Antiphase sound canceling.
W05 Alarms, Signaling, Telemetry and Telecontrol (G08B, C) Burglar and fire alarms. Personal calling arrangements. Paging systems. Signal transmission systems. Home bus systems, vehicle remote control bus systems. Advertising arrangements (electrical aspects).
W06 Aviation, Marine and Radar Systems (G01S) Radar, sonar and lidar. Velocity and depth measuring equipment. Airport control systems. Ship and aircraft control and instrumentation. Flight simulators. Space vehicles, including satellites.
W07 Electrical Military Equipment and Weapons (F41) Target indicating systems. Sighting devices. Missile direction control. Military training equipment. Arming and safety devices.
Electrical and Electronic Section X: Electric Power Engineering
X11 Power Generation and High Power Machines (H02K, N) Conventional power generating prime movers. Dynamo-electric machines. MHD generators.
X12 Power Distribution/Components/Converters (H01B, H01T, H02G, H02J, H02M) High power AC, DC and HVDC distribution/control. Power and communication cables. Superconducting cables, coils and magnets. Installing power cables and lines. Power transformers, reactors. Spark gaps and circuits. Insulators. High power connectors. Power converters. Conductive, superconductive and insulating materials.
X13 Switchgear, Protection, Electric Drives (H02B, H02H, H02P) Electric machines and static power converters. Controllers. Switchboards, switchyards, switchgear. Power system protection. Circuit protectors, circuit breakers, fuses.
X14 Nuclear Power Generation (G21, H05H) Nuclear reactor processes, components and power plants. Control mechanisms. Plasma techniques. Particle accelerators.
X15 Non-Fossil Fuel Power Generating Systems (F03D, F24J) Geothermal, wind, wave and solar energy, types of power generation.
X16 Electrochemical Storage (H01M) Primary, secondary and fuel cells and batteries. Battery chargers. Non-electrochemical storage of electric energy.
X21 Electric Vehicles (B60L) Electric cars, trolley buses. Propulsion, braking. Power supply lines, current collectors. Traction batteries. Control equipment.
X22 Automotive Electrics (F02P) Vehicle accessories. Vehicle lighting. IC engine ignition. IC engine controllers. Batteries and charging. Starting motors, and generators. Engine and vehicle instrumentation. Non-engine related controllers eg. transmissions, brakes.
X23 Electric Railways and Signaling (B61) Propulsion, power and distribution, signalling, control.
X24 Electric Welding (B23K) Electric soldering. Arc, induction, electron beam, resistance, laser beam and HF welding. Electroerosion.
X25 Industrial Electric Equipment (H05B, F27) Electric furnaces and kilns. Resistance, induction, electric discharge and EM field heating. Electrostatic spraying and cleaning. Vibrating apparatus. Electrolytic processes. Electro-refining metals. Electrically powered tools. Industrial drying equipment. Ore separating magnets. Magnetic work holders. Lifting magnets. Sewing machines. Industrial components eg. pumps, fans.
X26 Lighting (F21, H01J, H01K) Discharge, incandescent and electric arc lamps. Operating and control equipment. Light fittings Portable lighting devices. Stage lighting equipment.
X27 Domestic Electric Appliances (A47, F24) Washing machines, dryers, irons. Vacuum cleaners. Electric cookers, microwave ovens. Kitchen equipment. Refrigerators. Water heaters. Space heating and air conditioning equipment. Personal and hygiene electrical appliances.