Core Collection Full Record Details

A brief summary or description of the essential content from the source document. Author abstracts are available for the years indicated:

Citation Indexes

• Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED) --1991-present
• Social Sciences Citation Index (SSCI) -- 1992-present
• Arts & Humanities Citation Index (A&HCI) -- 2000-present
• Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Science (CPCI-S) -- 1991-present
• Conference Proceedings Citation Index- Social Science & Humanities (CPCI-SSH) --1992-present
• Book Citation Index– Science (BKCI-S) -- 2005-present
• Book Citation Index– Social Sciences & Humanities (BKCI-SSH) -- 2005-present

Chemistry Indexes

• Current Chemical Reactions (CCR-EXPANDED) --1985-present
• Index Chemicus (IC) -- 1993-present

Author Keywords

Author keywords are included in records of articles from 1991 forward.

Author keywords are also included in conference proceedings In Web of Science Core Collection.

Keywords Plus^®

KeyWords Plus^® are index terms automatically generated from the titles of cited articles. KeyWords Plus terms must appear more than once in the bibliography and are ordered from multi-word phrases to single terms. KeyWords Plus augments traditional keyword or title retrieval.

Corresponding Address (Previously Reprint Address)

The address of the corresponding author. It appears after the corresponding author name. A corresponding address may include:

• Corresponding author
• Organization
• Suborganization
• Street
• City
• State or Province
• Zip or Postal Code

If an address has a preferred organization name, then an Expand icon appears before the address.

Addresses

The addresses of all authors as supplied by the source journal.

The number before the address is associated with the author name that appears in the Author(s) field with the same (superscript) number.

Most records of articles published in 2008 or later link an address to an author name via a number in superscript next to the author name.

E-mail Addresses

The e-mail address of the author(s).

This field contains funding information from the source document. Web of Science Core Collection has been capturing funding information since 2008 in SCI-Expanded and since 2015 in SSCI. The Funding Agency table also lists the Preferred Funding Agency names when available.

In 2021, Web of Science began supplementing the grant information with grant agencies, grant numbers, and additional grant details ingested directly from online grant repositories.

Funding Agency Name

The funding agency names provided in the funding information are listed in the Funding Agency table. When a preferred name is available it is listed in the table. Click show details to see the original names for those rows that list the preferred funding agency by default. See the Preferred Funding Agency list for a listing of funding agency names that have been unified.

Note that some preferred funding agency names are a part of a hierarchy. For example, the NIH, “National Institutes of Health (NIH) – USA” is the preferred name for NIH, and United States Department of Health & Human Services is its the parent agency:

United States Department of Health & Human Services

National Institutes of Health (NIH) - USA

Appeared in source as NIH

Grant Number

Funding information usually includes an ID number or code assigned by the funding agencies for a specific funding project. Examples of these are grant numbers, project numbers, and program numbers.

In Web of Science Core Collection, this identifier is called a grant number.

Grant numbers in the Web of Science Core Collection come from three sources

• Funding acknowledgment text indexed from the original publication

• MEDLINE data that corresponds to publications in the Web of Science Core Collection

• Funding details acquired directly from online grant repositories.

In 2008, Web of Science Core Collection began indexing funding acknowledgment text provided with the original publications.

In 2016, Web of Science Core Collection began supplementing the grant information with grant agencies and grant numbers from MEDLINE and researchfish®. Records that already contained grant information will not be changed. Records that did not have grant information were updated with grant information from MEDLINE and researchfish®.

In 2021, Web of Science Core Collection began supplementing the grant number data with grant data ingested directly from online grant repositories. Records with grant numbers from the funding text or from MEDLINE may display the same or similar grant numbers captured directly from the online grant repository.

Funding Text

Click View funding text to view the acknowledgment of support indexed from the source document.

Funding sources that supported the research may be identified by the source article. Generally, this information is found in the acknowledgment section which often comes before the references at the end of the article. You may also find funding information at the end of the abstract or with address information.

Grant Information

Click Show Details next to a grant number to see additional funding detail

Grant information details comes from funding acknowledgment text indexed from articles in Web of Science Core Collection; indexing began in 2008.

Grant information is publicly available on many websites like researchfish®, FedReporter, and the US National Science Foundation (NSF).

In 2016, Web of Science Core Collection began supplementing the grant information with grant agencies and grant numbers from MEDLINE. Records that already contained grant information did not change, but records that did not have grant information were updated with grant information from MEDLINE.

In 2021, Web of Science Core Collection began supplementing the grant information with grant agencies, grant numbers, and additional grant details ingested directly from publicly available online grant repositories. These additional funding details may include grant title, grant description, total award amount, primary investigators, key words, and other descriptive fields when available from the grant repository.

Grant Repository Sources

In 2021, Web of Science began supplementing the grant information with grant agencies, grant numbers, and additional grant details ingested directly from online grant repositories.

Source Name	Country	Year Range
Federal RePORTER NOTE: The Federal RePORTER system was retired on March 1, 2022	US	2000-2020*
Kaken	Japan	2005-present
NIH (National Institute of Health)	US	1985-present
NSF (National Science Foundation)	US	1959-present
Researchfish	Various	N/A
Russian Science Foundation NOTE: Suspended as of July 2022 - new grants will not be added	Russia	2014-2022
UKRI (UK Research & Innovation)	UK	1973-present
FCT (Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology)	Portugal	1997-present
Australian Research Council	Australia	2001-present
NHMRC (National Health & Medical Research Council)	Australia	2013-present
Austrian Science Fund	Austria	2017-present
KISTI (Korea Institute of Science & Technology Information), National Science & Technology Information Service (NTIS)	Korea	1960-present
MBIE (New Zealand Ministry of Business, Innovation & Employment)	New Zealand	2008-present
Academy of Finland	Finland	2001-2021
FAPESP (São Paulo Research Foundation)	Brazil	1990-present
Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation	US	2010-2022
National Institutes of Heath Research (NIHR)	England	2006-present
U.S. Department of Energy (DOE)	US	1985-present
Environmental Protection Agency Ireland (EPA)	Ireland`	2000-2020
Erasmus+	EU	2018
European Research Council (ERC)	EU	2008-2022
H2020 Societal Challenges Programme	EU	2014-2020
Health Research Board (HRB)	Ireland	2007-2020
Irish Research Council (IRC)	Ireland	1999-2021
Marie Curie Actions (MCSA)	EU	2013-2021
National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH)	US	1953-present
Royal Society (UK)	UK	1996-2020
Royal Society of New Zealand	New Zealand	1996-2020
Science Foundation Ireland (SFI)	Ireland	2001-2019
Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten) (SEA)	Sweden	2007-2019
Swedish Foundation for Humanities and Social Sciences	Sweden	2008-2020
Swedish Foundation for Strategic Research (SSF)	Sweden	2008-2020
Swedish Research Council (VR)	Sweden	2008-2025
Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (Formas)	Sweden	2008-2022
Swedish Research Council for Health, Working Life and Welfare (Forte)	Sweden	2008-2019
Swiss National Science Foundation	Switzerland	2008-2022
U.S. Department of Defense	US	2010-2023
Vinnova	Sweden	2008-2020
Wellcome Trust (WT)	UK	2006-2025

The publisher of the source document. Includes the publisher name and publisher address.

Note: See our Master Journal List for a list of our publications.

Table of Contents: Current Content Connect^®

This field contains a link to the Current Contents Connect^® Browse Journals page where you can browse the table of contents of journals and books covered by the editions and collections to which you subscribe in Current Contents Connect.

Performance Trends: Essential Science Indicators^SM

This field contains a link to Essential Science Indicators where you can perform in-depth analysis to find data for ranking scientists, institutions, countries, and journals. With Essential Science Indicators, you can:

• Explore science performance statistics and science trends data, based on journal article publication counts and citation data
• Determine research output and impact in specific fields of research
• Evaluate potential employees, collaborators, reviewers, and peers

Impact Factor: Journal Citation Reports^®

The Journal Impact Factor is defined as all citations to the journal in the current JCR year to items published in the previous two years, divided by the total number of scholarly items (these comprise articles, reviews, and proceedings papers) published in the journal in the previous two years.

Though not a strict mathematical average, the Journal Impact Factor provides a functional approximation of the mean citation rate per citable item. A Journal Impact Factor of 1.0 means that, on average, the articles published one or two years ago have been cited one time. A Journal Impact Factor of 2.5 means that, on average, the articles published one or two years ago have been cited two and a half times. The citing works may be articles published in the same journal. However, most citing works are from different journals, proceedings, or books indexed in Web of Science Core Collection.

Web of Science Categories

Subject category of the source publication. Some source publications are assigned to multiple categories. Records of documents from those publications contain multiple subject categories.

Research area of the source publication. A publication may have more than one research area.

Document Type

The selected document type. For example, Article, Book, or Conference Proceedings. The Web of Science Core Collection classifies items into over 45 different document types.

Book Chapter Count

The total number of chapters in a book.

Some records in Web of Science may have two document types: Article and Proceedings Paper.

An Article is generally published in a journal. A Proceedings Paper is generally published in a book of confernece proceedings. Records covered in the two Conference Proceedings indexes (CPCI-S and CPCI-SSH) are identified as Proceedings Paper. The same records covered in the three indexes (SCI-E, SSCI, and A&HCI) are identified as Article when published in a journal.

Language

The selected language of the source document.

Accession Number

A unique identifying number associated with each record in the product. It consists of a product identification code and a unique item number.

PMID

PubMed ID. The PubMed ID is available for records of documents that have corresponding records in MEDLINE.

ISBN

The International Standard Book Number is a unique machine-readable identifier that marks a book unmistakably.

The format is a 10-digit number that contains 3 hyphens (-). The last digit is a check character, which may be a number or an X. The position of the hyphens can vary for each ISBN identifier. Example: 978-0-387-36949-5

ISSN

The International Standard Serial Number is a unique eight-digit number that identifies periodical publications such as journals and electronic publications. If a journal has both a print ISSN and an electronic ISSN, then both display. The format is four numbers, a hyphen (-), three numbers, and then a check character that may be a number or X. Example: 1367-4803

eISSN

The Electronic International Standard Serial Number is a unique eight-digit number that identifies periodical publications such as journals and electronic publications. If a journal has an electronic ISSN, then that number display in this field. The format is four numbers, a hyphen (-), three numbers, and then a check character that may be a number or X. Example: 1367-4803

Any or all of the following fields may appear in a record, depending on the content and type of the source document. If no data are available for a particular field, then the field does not display.

Field	Description
Patent Title	The title of the patent.
Author(s) / Inventor(s)	The inventor(s) of an invention.
Patent Number	The patent number is a unique identifier of a specific patent.
Example	DE10146433-A1
Addresses	The address of the patent assignee.
Document Type	The selected document type.
Patent Kind	A kind code is a one- or two-character code that indicates the stage in the patenting process.
Patent Date	The date of the granted patent.
Latest Priority Date	The latest date when the patent was filed.
Latest Priority Country	The country where the patent was last filed.
Latest Priority Number	The number of the patent issued by the latest priority country.
Earliest Priority Date	The earliest date when the patent was filed.
Earliest Priority Country	The country where the patent was first filed.
Earliest Priority Number	The number of the patent issued by the earliest priority country.
Reactions	A graphical display of the reactions. If you want to copy a reaction from this page, right-click inside the structure to bring up a contextual menu. Select the Copy option. Paste the copied structure in the Structure Drawing box on the search page in order to ceate a new chemical search query.

IDS Number

The IDS Number uniquely identifies an issue of a journal. At one time, it was used to order copies of articles from a document delivery service. This identifier still has utility because records of articles from the same issue of a journal share the same IDS Number.

Please contact your library administrator, or person(s) responsible for document delivery, to learn how to obtain printed copies of articles. Alternatively, go to the website of the Copyright Clearance Center, www.contentscm.com, to learn how to order copies of documents from the CCC.

To access the full text of a document in electronic form, open the Full Text Options menu above a full record.

You May Also Like

In this section of a record, view a list of records you might find interesting based on the current record. It can help you discover other relevant records.

We use anonymous usage data from all our users to populate this list. When someone visits a full record page and also visits another record page, these two topics may relate to a similar topic. When we analyze millions of these relationships, we can start to gain more confidence in the connection between records.

If a record does not display a You May Also Like section, it is likely due to there not being enough data to populate a list.

Times Cited

The Times Cited count is the number of articles in the database that cite the current article. Click the number to go to the list of citing articles.

Compounds

If the record was retrieved from Index Chemicus, new compounds reported in the article are listed below the bibliographic record.

Reactions

If the record was retrieved from Current Chemical Reactions, reactions from each new synthetic method reported in the source article are listed below the bibliographic record.

 

Title

The full title of the journal article, conference proceeding, book, book chapter, and so on.

A book chapter record is the title of the book chapter. The source is the title of the book. If the title and the source are the same, then it is always a book.

By

The names of all authors. You may see two versions of an author name in records of articles published in 2006 and later. Be aware that you must still search for an author by last name followed by one or more initials.

A superscript number may appear after an author's name. This means we have found an association between the author's name and the author's address. When you click the number link, the system takes you to the Addresses field where you can see the author's address.

In some cases, an author may be assigned more than one address and you will see more than one superscript number. In other cases, an author may not be assigned an address while other authors of the same article are assigned an address. This occurs when we cannot determine which address is associated with an author.

The product maintains the author / address association when you print, e-mail, save, and export records. In the Address field of your output document, look for the author's name before the address.

Group Author(s)

The name of the organization or institution that authored the source document. For example, the IEEE and Down Syndrome Res Grp.

Book Author(s)

The names of one or more book authors.

Book Group Author(s)

The names of one or more institutional authors of a book such as IEEE.

Edited by

The name of one or more editors of a source publication. Note that a corporate author can also be an editor.

Click the hyperlink to see a complete list of documents edited by the selected person.

View Researcher Profile and ORCID

This table lists the authors who have claimed the document as their work. Click an identifier to view the author's publication list on their researcher profile, hosted on Publons, or ORCID. An author may have a Web of Science ResearcherID number or an ORCID, or both.

If you're the author of the article, add it to your researcher profile, hosted on Publons, by selecting Claim on Publons - Track Citations from the drop-down menu.

For more information about Publons, visit publons.com.

For more information about ORCID, visit orcid.org.

Source

Source information generally appears in the following order.

• Volume
• Issue
• Pages
• Part Number
• Supplement
• Special Issue
• Meeting Abstract Number
• Article Number
• DOI
• Published (Publication Date)

Journal Information

The title of the source publication followed by:

• Volume Number
• Issue Number
• Special Issue Number
• Page Range
• DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
• Part Number
• Supplement Number
• Publication Date

Books

The title of the source publication followed by:

• Book Series (if applicable)
• Volume Number
• Issue
• Page Range
• DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
• Publication Date

Book Series

The title of the source publication followed by:

• Book Series Title
• Volume Number
• Page Range
• DOI (Digital Object Identifier)
• Publication Date

Conference

The title of the source publication followed by:

• Conference Title
• Conference Location
• Conference Date